DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/1813-4718.2601.10
UDC: 
159.922.7
Volkova Elena F.
Кандидат психологических наук, Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Special Education and Psychology, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, ngpu383@mail.ru, Novosibirsk
Zheleznyakova A. Yu.
Head of the Office of the Department of Special Education and Psychology, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, anngeliiina_02lina@mail.ru, Novosibirsk

Diagnostics and Factor Analysis of the Development of Systems Thinking of Students in the Direction of “Special (defectological) Education”

Abstract: 
Abstract. The article presents the results of a study aimed at determining the level of development of systemic thinking among students of the specialty “Special (defectological) education”. The study involved students of 2–3 courses studying in the fields of “Oligophrenopedagogy” and “Preschool defectology”. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study of the level and structural organization of systemic thinking among students of the specialty “Special (defectological) education”, as well as to carry out a meaningful interpretation of the identified relationships. The methodological basis of the study was the psychological and pedagogical works of domestic and foreign scientists (V. V. Rubtsova, V. A. Spivak, D. M. Fisher, U. Ormanci, S. Cepni, P. Senge). B. F. Lomov’s systematic approach was used as the basis for the diagnostic study. In the process of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results obtained, certain deficits of systemic thinking were identified and described; correlations between the components of systemic thinking were established; data were obtained that can be used in the development of educational programs aimed at developing systemic thinking among students. According to the results of the study, 67% of the sample have an average level of development of systems thinking, which is characterized by the ability to accurately analyze individual components of the system and the presence of persistent difficulties in synthesizing a holistic picture. Students successfully operate systems in familiar or simplified environments, but their thinking lacks the flexibility and depth to independently analyze and design complex, dynamic, and multilevel systems. In conclusion, the need to develop and implement educational tools such as a massive open online course and a set of online classes in the training of future speech pathologists is substantiated. Their purpose is to form and develop the structural components of systems thinking (including a person’s ability to analyze the system as a whole, establish cause–and-effect relationships between elements within the system, create new systems based on identified patterns, predict, assess risks and opportunities).
Keywords: 
Keywords: systems thinking; students; factor analysis; “Special (defectological) education”
References: 

1. Ryzhkova, M. I., Rychkova, L. S., Gorelova, G. G., Zatsepina, O. A., 2023. Cognitive processes as the basis for successful learning of students of the digital generation. Scientific Notes of the P. F. Lesgaft University, no. 11, pp. 550–556. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
2. Mynbaeva, A. K., Moldasan, A. K., Karabutova, A. A., 2021. Features of clip thinking and the digital generation of schoolchildren and students. Postnonclassical science: interdisciplinarity, problem-orientation and applied nature: collection of scientific articles based on the results of international scientific research.-practical conference. St. Petersburg, pp. 69–72. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
3. Zheleznyakova, A. Yu., Volkova, E. F., 2025. Scientific and methodological analysis of foreign literature on the problem of developing systemic thinking among students. Science. Technologies. Origin: C. The beginning. tr. XVIII century. scientific conference of young scientists: in 8 parts, pp. 284–289. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
4. Izvekova, T. F., 2025. Systems thinking as a factor in the professional and personal development of a medical student. Design. Experience. Result, no. 1, pp. 34–39. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
5. Kultenko, S. K., 2024. On the issue of developing systems thinking in students of higher education institutions as an element of preparation for professional activity. Journal of Pedagogical Research, no. 5, pp. 164–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/2500-3305-2024-9-5-164-176. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
6. Asmanova, I. Y., 2004. The development of a student’s systemic thinking as a condition for the fundamentalization and professionalization of acquired knowledge: abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pedagogical). Stavropol, 18 p. (In Russ.)
7. Sychev, I. A., 2015. Systems thinking in teaching correspondence students – future specialists in computer science and information technology. Modern problems of science and education [online]. Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=18142 (accessed: 22.01.2026). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
8. Povzun, V. D., 2019. The Role of Modern Educational Technologies in the Development of Systemic Thinking of University Students. Modern Higher Education: Innovative Aspect, no. 4, pp. 45–51. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
9. Grodetskaya, N. V., 2004. Development of systems thinking of university students using information and communication technologies: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pedagogical). Ekaterinburg, 23 p. (In Russ.)
10. Levenchuk, A., 2022. System thinking. Toliman, 794 p. (In Russ.)
11. Non’, N. A., Startseva, A. A., Fomina, A. V., 2024. The role of digital educational resources in the formation of systemic and critical thinking in undergraduate students. Problems of modern pedagogical education, no. 84, pp. 354–358. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
12. Kurguzov, A. V., 2023. Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Elements of Systemic Thinking in Future Lawyers. Pedagogical Journal, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 336–343. DOI: 10.34670/AR.2023.30.50.047. (In Russ.)
13. Ozdamirova, L. M., Isaeva, G. G., Batchaeva, Z. B., 2024. Using artificial intelligence to develop elements of systemic thinking in future lawyers. Problems of modern pedagogical education, no. 85, pp. 309–312. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
14. Merbekov, A., Maslova, I., Gallyamova, Z., 2022. Innovative developments for the development of critical thinking. New knowledge and experience. brevity, vol. 44, p. 101023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101023. (In Eng.)
15. Beznosyuk, E. V., 2024. The phenomenon of clip thinking in modern students. Psychological and pedagogical support of the educational process: collection of tr. III International Scientific-practical conference (Yevpatoria, December 14–15, 2023). Yevpatoria: Arial Printing House, LLC Publ., pp. 191–195. (In Russ.)
16. Languev, K. A., Langueva, E. V., 2023. Changing thinking in the context of digitalization. The world of pedagogy and psychology: international scientific-practice journal, no. 3, p. 80. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
17. Volkova, E. F., Shapovalova, E. G., Volkov, T. E., 2023. The experience of art education and the development of the traditional academy in Russia. Art and pedagogy. Santa Maria, Brazil, pp. 266–278. (In Spanish)
18. Assaraf, O. B.-Z., Orion, N., 2005. The development of Novikov system thinking in the context of the Earth’s system education. Scientific research, vol. 42, pp. 518–560. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1002/tea.20061. (In Eng.)
19. Aguilar-Cisneros, J. R., Valerdi, R., Sullivan, B. P., 2022. Determining the level of competence in the field of systems thinking by modeling the concept of software cost estimation. Student program computer soft, vol. 48, pp. 499–512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0361768822080060. (In Eng.)
20. Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. Psychological librarian [online]. Available at: https://psychlib.ru/mgppu/ror/ROR-001-.HTM #$p1 (accessed 10.12.2025). (In Russ.)
21. Spivak, V. A., 2022. System approach and system thinking as a universal combination of specialist and supervisor: monograph. Cheboksary, 136 p. (In Russ.)
22. Shiger, D. M., 2023. System thinking used in K-12 for business promotion. Turn of the Century, vol. 8, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1059733. (In Eng.)
23. Ormansi, U., Chepni, S., 2025. Web-based influence of the guided research approach on students’ systems thinking skills. Journal of Scientific education and technology. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10956-025-10238-9. (In Eng.)
24. Senge, P., 1993. The fifth session: the art and practice of a learning organization. New York, 412 p. (In Eng.)
25. Lomov, B. F., 1984. Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology. Moscow, 448 p. (In Russ.)
26. Psychological tests online. More than 3000 personal computers [online]. Available at: https://psytests.org (accessed 12.03.2025). (In Russ.)
27. Volkova, E. F., 2003. Statistical methods of experimental psychology. Novosibirsk, 92 p. (In Russ.)
28. Volkova, E. F., comp., 2013. Mathematical and statistical methods of psychological and pedagogical research: an educational and methodological complex of the discipline according to the bachelor’s degree program 050700.62 “Special (defectological education)”, profile “Preschool defectology”. Novosibirsk: NSPU Publ., 111 p. (In Russ.)
29. Volkov, T. E., 2023. Problems of introducing innovative programs into the educational process. Youth of the XXI century: education, science, innovation: materials of the XI All-Russian student scientific and practical conference with international participation: in 4 parts. Novosibirsk, pp. 71–72. (In Russ.)