The work is devoted to the empirical study of the influence of problem-directed learning on the development of musical abilities and personality junior methods of problem teaching the lessons of music. In each lesson, depending on its purpose, the teacher can integrate children in their temperaments, types of musical abilities, types of thinking. It is revealed that the proposed method allows each child to demonstrate their skills to be included in the course of the lesson, regardless of the initial level of musical ability. The process of learning music and creative activities designed around general psychological characteristics of primary school children (type of thinking, leading modality, perception, temperament). It was found that the application of this program has improved performance of musicality, the differentiation of cognitive style.