The article deals with the current issue of improving the quality of mathematical training of technical students being the integrated component of mastering university special and technical disciplines. The approaches to the formulation of the concepts of «mathematical training», «professional orientation of teaching mathematics» are analyzed. It is proved that the principle of interrelation between theory and practice in the current context is realized by the intensification of the applied and professional orientation of mathematical training, the formation of professional mathematical competence of students as a key component of professional competence, as well as mastering the skills of mathematical modeling by students in view of the use of new information technologies.