The article dwells upon the importance of the type of school for the formation of individual psychological characteristics of elementary school students and school motivation. The analysis, conducted with the help of a questionnaire «Big five» showed that qualities such as antagonism, timidity, the predominance of negative emotions, shyness often formed in children studying in General schools and the schools of development. The Lyceum’s students are different orientation on achievement, acquiescence, intelligence, compassion, organization. School motivation largely pronounced among the students of the Lyceum and is connected with the individual psychological characteristics of the child.