The transition from kindergarten to school is a difficult period in the life of a child. Problems which appear during this time complicate the first former’s adaptation to the conditions of a school life. It is caused by the variety of preschool training. The effectiveness of various types of preschool children training is not revealed. That is the reason for the revealing of dynamics of cognitive processes of children of the elder preschool age, who are brought up in different conditions, i.e. who attend preschool educational organization (PEO) or short-duration stay groups from 5, 5 – 6 years old. The work with children is realized with the help of thprogramme “My world” (by O. I. Davydova, L.S. Kolmagorova, O. R. Meremyanina, L. A. Nikitina, L. I. Shvarko ), which was created by the group of the academics of Altai State Pedagogical University. Theoretical (the analysis of the literature sources) and empirical (the testing; the talk-survey, the study of the activity product) methods were used in the research.